一文搞懂前后端通讯—Axios神器

开发运维 2023-07-19 剑圣无痕 手机阅读

一文搞懂前后端通讯—Axios神器

一、后端接口SpringBoot+Mysql搭建

项目目录

image-20210706134724363

maven依赖pom.xml


    4.0.0

        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.5.2

    com.sxau
    sringbootjwt
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    sringbootjwt
    token

        1.8

            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web

            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test

            mysql
            mysql-connector-java

            com.baomidou
            mybatis-plus-boot-starter
            3.4.0

            org.projectlombok
            lombok

            p6spy
            p6spy
            3.9.0

            com.alibaba
            fastjson
            1.2.75

            com.baomidou
            mybatis-plus-generator
            3.4.1

            org.apache.velocity
            velocity-engine-core
            2.2

                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
application.yaml
server:
  port: 10086
#数据库配置
spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    #p6spy 驱动url
    url: jdbc:p6spy:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_plus?userSSL=false&useUnicode=true&CharacterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    1.    p6spy 驱动
    driver-class-name: com.p6spy.engine.spy.P6SpyDriver
1.  profiles:
1.    active: dev

#mybatis-plus日志配置文件
mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  global-config:
    db-config:
      logic-delete-field: flag  # 全局逻辑删除的实体字段名(since 3.3.0,配置后可以忽略不配置步骤2)
      logic-delete-value: 1 # 逻辑已删除值(默认为 1)
      logic-not-delete-value: 0 # 逻辑未删除值(默认为 0)
spy.properties
#3.2.1以上使用
modulelist=com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.p6spy.MybatisPlusLogFactory,com.p6spy.engine.outage.P6OutageFactory
1. 自定义日志打印
logMessageFormat=com.sxau.sringbootjwt.utils.P6SpySqlLog
#日志输出到控制台
appender=com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.p6spy.StdoutLogger
1. 使用日志系统记录 sql
#appender=com.p6spy.engine.spy.appender.Slf4JLogger
1. 设置 p6spy driver 代理
deregisterdrivers=true
1. 取消JDBC URL前缀
useprefix=true
1. 配置记录 Log 例外,可去掉的结果集有error,info,batch,debug,statement,commit,rollback,result,resultset.
excludecategories=info,debug,result,commit,resultset
1. 日期格式
dateformat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
1. 实际驱动可多个
#driverlist=org.h2.Driver
1. 是否开启慢SQL记录
outagedetection=true
1. 慢SQL记录标准 2 秒
outagedetectioninterval=2
利用代码生成器生成对应的文件
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.DbType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.FieldFill;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.AutoGenerator;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.DataSourceConfig;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.GlobalConfig;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.PackageConfig;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.StrategyConfig;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.po.TableFill;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.NamingStrategy;

import java.util.ArrayList;

// 代码自动生成器
public class test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 需要构建一个 代码自动生成器 对象
        AutoGenerator mpg = new AutoGenerator();

        // 配置策略
        // 1、全局配置
        GlobalConfig gc = new GlobalConfig();
        String projectPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        gc.setOutputDir(projectPath+"/src/main/java/SpringBoot主启动项目名");
        gc.setAuthor("张晟睿"); gc.setOpen(false);
        gc.setFileOverride(false);

        // 是否覆盖
        gc.setServiceName("%sService");

        // 去Service的I前缀
        gc.setIdType(IdType.ID_WORKER);
        mpg.setGlobalConfig(gc);

        //2、设置数据源
        DataSourceConfig dsc = new DataSourceConfig();
        dsc.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_plus?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8");
                dsc.setDriverName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        dsc.setUsername("root");
        dsc.setPassword("123456");
        dsc.setDbType(DbType.MYSQL);
        mpg.setDataSource(dsc);

        //3、包的配置
        PackageConfig pc = new PackageConfig();
        //只需要改实体类名字 和包名 还有 数据库配置即可
        pc.setModuleName("");
        pc.setParent("com.sxau");
        pc.setEntity("entity");
        pc.setMapper("mapper");
        pc.setService("service");
        pc.setController("controller");
        mpg.setPackageInfo(pc);

        //4、策略配置
        StrategyConfig strategy = new StrategyConfig();
        //在此处添加包名
        strategy.setInclude("user");

        // 设置要映射的表名
        strategy.setNaming(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);
        strategy.setColumnNaming(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);
        strategy.setEntityLombokModel(true);

        // 自动lombok；
        strategy.setLogicDeleteFieldName("deleted");

        // 自动填充配置
        TableFill gmtCreate = new TableFill("gmt_create", FieldFill.INSERT);
        TableFill gmtModified = new TableFill("gmt_modified",FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE);
        ArrayList tableFills = new ArrayList();
        tableFills.add(gmtCreate); tableFills.add(gmtModified);
        strategy.setTableFillList(tableFills);

        // 乐观锁
        strategy.setVersionFieldName("version");
        strategy.setRestControllerStyle(true);
        strategy.setControllerMappingHyphenStyle(true);

        // localhost:8080/hello_id_2
        mpg.setStrategy(strategy);
        mpg.execute(); //执行
    }
}
UserController.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.pojo.User;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * <p>
 *  前端控制器
 * </p>
 *
 * @author 张晟睿
 * @since 2021-07-05
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @CrossOrigin
    @RequestMapping("/getAllUser")
    public String getAllUser(){
        Map resultData=new HashMap();
        List users = userService.selectAllUser();
        resultData.put("ret","1");
        resultData.put("data",users);
        resultData.put("msg","成功");
        return JSON.toJSONString(resultData);
    }

    @CrossOrigin
    @RequestMapping("/findUserById")
    public String findUserById(Integer id){
        Map resultData=new HashMap();
        User userById = userService.findUserById(id);
        resultData.put("ret","1");
        resultData.put("data",userById);
        resultData.put("msg","成功");

        return JSON.toJSONString(resultData);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/findUserByAge")
    public String findUserByAge(Integer age){
        Map resultData=new HashMap();
        List userListAge = userService.findUserListAge(age);
        resultData.put("ret","1");
        resultData.put("data",userListAge);
        resultData.put("msg","成功");
        return JSON.toJSONString(resultData);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello,springboot";
    }
}
UserMapper.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.pojo.User;

public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper {
}
User.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.pojo;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.Date;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    //主键自增配合 数据库主键自增使用
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String email;

    @TableLogic
    private Integer deleted;    //逻辑删除

    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
    private Date createTime;   //开始时间
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
    private Date updateTime;  //更新时间

}
UserService.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.service;

import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * <p>
 *  服务类
 * </p>
 *
 * @author 张晟睿
 * @since 2021-07-05
 */
public interface UserService {
    List selectAllUser();

    User findUserById(Integer id);

    List findUserListAge(Integer age);
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.pojo.User;
import com.sxau.sringbootjwt.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * <p>
 *  服务实现类
 * </p>
 *
 * @author 张晟睿
 * @since 2021-07-05
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;
    @Override
    public List selectAllUser() {
        List users = userMapper.selectList(null);
        return users;
    }

    @Override
    public User findUserById(Integer id) {
        User user = userMapper.selectById(id);
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public List findUserListAge(Integer age) {
        QueryWrapper wrapper = new QueryWrapper();
        wrapper.gt("age",age);
        List maps = userMapper.selectMaps(wrapper);

        return maps;
    }
}
输出格式化P6SpySqlLog.java
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt.utils;

import com.p6spy.engine.spy.appender.MessageFormattingStrategy;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class P6SpySqlLog implements MessageFormattingStrategy {

    private SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS");

    @Override
    public String formatMessage(int connectionId, String now, long elapsed, String category, String prepared, String sql, String s4) {
        return !"".equals(sql.trim()) ? this.format.format(new Date()) + " | cost " + elapsed + " ms | " + category + " | connection " + connectionId + "n " + sql + ";" : "";
    }

}
SpringBoot主启动类
package com.sxau.sringbootjwt;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@MapperScan("com.sxau.sringbootjwt.mapper")
//@ComponentScan("com.sxau.sringbootjwt.handle")
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com")
public class SringbootjwtApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SringbootjwtApplication.class, args);
    }
}
数据库表设计

image-20210706135316899

插入数据

    INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (1, 'Jone', 18, 'test1@baomidou.com', 0, NULL, NULL);
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (2, 'Jack', 20, 'test2@baomidou.com', 0, NULL, NULL);
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (3, 'Tom', 28, 'test3@baomidou.com', 0, NULL, NULL);
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (4, 'Sandy', 21, 'test4@baomidou.com', 0, NULL, NULL);
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (5, 'Billie', 24, 'test5@baomidou.com', 0, NULL, NULL);
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (201916129, '张三', 20, '1016942589@qq.com', 1, NULL, '2021-07-03 16:15:38');
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (201916137, '李丽1', 20, '1016942589@qq.com', 0, '2021-07-03 18:21:56', '2021-07-04 11:49:51');
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (201916141, '渣渣辉1', 50, '1016942589@qq.com', 0, '2021-07-04 14:49:04', '2021-07-04 14:49:04');
        INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `email`, `deleted`, `create_time`, `update_time`) VALUES (201916142, '渣渣辉2', 10, '1016942589@qq.com', 0, '2021-07-04 14:49:48', '2021-07-04 14:49:48');

测试后端接口

image-20210706135527394

image-20210706135624927

image-20210706135737486

二、axios基本使用

   

        axios({
            url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser'
        }).then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        })

axios发送get请求



    axios({
        url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser',
        method: 'get'
    }).then(res=>{
        console.log(res);
    })

第一种：使用get方式发送有参请求

            axios({
                url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById?id=1',
                method: 'get'
            }).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            })

第二种：使用get方式发送有参请求

            axios({
                url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById',
                method: 'get',
                params:{
                    id: '1'
                }
            }).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            })

axios发送post请求

      

   

        axios({
            url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser',
            method: 'post'
        }).then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        })


   

        axios({
            url: 'http://localhost:10086/user/findUserByAge',
            data:{
                age:'20'
            },
            method: 'post'  
        }).then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        })

后台控制器接收到的name null axios使 用post携带参数请求默认使用application/ json 解决方式- : params属性进行数据的传递 解决方式二: "name=张三” 解决方式三:服务器端给接收的参 数加上@reques tBody

三、axios简写使用



            axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById',{params:{id:1}}).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            }).catch(err=>{
                console.log("timeout");
                console.log(err);
            })




            axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById',{params:{id:1,name:zhangsan}}).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            }).catch(err=>{
                console.log("timeout");
                console.log(err);
            })

推荐使用



        axios.post('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById','id=1').then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        }).catch(err=>{
            console.log("timeout");
            console.log(err);
        })

//发送post请求携带参数  直接使用'id=1&name=jack'

//这种情况下通过data传值  值能传递过去 但是拿到的值为not found
//使用data传递数据后台需要将axi so自动装换的json数据装换为java对象//修改后台代码
接受参数用@requestBody注解

            axios.post('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserById',{id: 1}).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            }).catch(err=>{
                console.log("timeout");
                console.log(err);
            })

四、axios并发

第一种方式
//通过并发拿到all里面的两个get请求的数组

            axios.all([
                axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser'),
                axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserByAge',{params:{age:20}})
            ]).then(res=>{
                console.log(res);
            }).catch(err=>{
                console.log("timeout");
                console.log(err);
            })

image-20210706173737127

第二种方式


            axios.all([
                axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser'),
                axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/findUserByAge',{params:{age:20}})
            ]).then(
                axios.spread((res1,res2)=>{
                    console.log(res1);
                    console.log(res2);
                })
            ).catch(err=>{
                console.log("timeout");
                console.log(err);
            })

image-20210706174103260

五、全局配置


        axios.defaults.baseURL='htttp://localhost:10086/user';
        axios.defaults.timeout=5000;

        axios.get('getAllUser').then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        });

        axios.post('findUserById','id=1').then(res=>{
            console.log(res);
        }).catch(err=>{
            console.log(err);
        })

六、拦截器

//request请求拦截

    axios.interceptors.request.use(config=>{
        console.log("进入请求拦截器");
        console.log(config);
        return config;
    },err=>{
        console.log("拦截失败");
        console.log(err);
    });

    axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser').then(res=>{
        console.log(res);
    })


//response请求拦截

    axios.interceptors.response.use(config=>{
        console.log("进入请求拦截器");
        console.log(config);
        return config;
    },err=>{
        console.log("拦截失败");
        console.log(err);
    });

    axios.get('http://localhost:10086/user/getAllUser').then(res=>{
        console.log(res);
    })

image-20210708154301501