WordPress 数据迁移到Kubernetes (k8s)并配置持久化及网站域名修改

云计算 2023-08-10 贤蛋大眼萌手机阅读

演示环境:http://i4t.cn 会始终保证可访问状态

架构说明

海外Nginx主要是解决域名需要备案的问题，frp为了解决家里Kubernetes集群没有公网IP，应用无法访问的问题。

WordPress镜像已经将Nginx和PHP封装在一起了，所以pod最好是运行2个，防止一个php资源请求处理不过来的问题。相关的插件安装配置最好使用一个Centos镜像用于导入导出

本次相关服务版本

Kubernetes 1.24
WordPress 6.2
Mysql 8

文中使用nfs作为默认sc存储引擎，之间的搭建说过太多次了，这里就是直接使用，不讲sc的创建和nfs的相关配置

Mysql服务创建

我们先为WordPress创建一个ns命名空间

[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl create ns wordpress

为mysql创建一个pvc存储

这里我已经有sc了，所以我直接创建pvc即可

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat mysql-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: mysql-pvc
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 50Gi
  storageClassName: nfs-storage

创建mysql-pvc

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl apply -f mysql-pvc.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-pvc created
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl get pvc -n wordpress|grep mysql-pvc
mysql-pvc   Bound    pvc-7812e224-b4fb-4a36-be2c-0fc36e161ddc   50Gi       RWO            nfs-storage    18s
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]#

首先先创建mysql deployment服务

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat mysql-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:8.0
        args:
           - --default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
           - --character-set-server=utf8mb4
           - --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD      #mysql密码，自行修改
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/var/lib/mysql"
          name: mysql-data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
           command:
              - sh
              - '-c'
              - 'mysqladmin ping -u root -p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}'
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: mysql-pvc    #创建mysql-pvc

进入mysql容器，开启connection_control.so插件

如果不开启，后面mysql日志会有大量警告日志

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl exec -it -n wordpress mysql-7fddbb85bb-xzcmf bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
bash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p
#下面执行sql语句
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL SONAME 'connection_control.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS SONAME 'connection_control.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql-svc yaml文件如下

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat mysql-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  selector:
    app: mysql
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 3306
      targetPort: 3306
      nodePort: 31306
  type: NodePort

创建mysql-svc

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# vim mysql-svc.yaml
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl apply -f mysql-svc.yaml
service/mysql created
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]#
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl get svc -n wordpress |grep mysql
mysql   NodePort   10.102.12.169   <none>        3306:31306/TCP   6s

创建WordPress服务

接下来运行WordPress容器

为WordPress创建一个pvc

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat wp-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wp-pvc
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 50Gi
  storageClassName: nfs-storage

接下来我们要到数据库中，创建mysql 对应库和用户数据

CREATE DATABASE abcdocker DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
create user 'i4t'@'%' identified by 'abcdocker';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'i4t'@'%';
#这里可以根据需求自行创建
#我这里的数据库名称为abcdocker，用户为i4t

因为wordpress是php文件，后面可能会调整php的配置，我们需要为wordpress-deplpoyment创建一个configmap，用于php参数的调整

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat wordpress-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: wordpress-configmap
  namespace: wordpress
data:
  uploads.ini: |
    file_uploads = On
    memory_limit 128M
    upload_max_filesize 64M
    post_max_size 64M
    max_execution_time 300
    max_input_time 300
  WORDPRESS_CONFIG_EXTRA: |
    define('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '64M');
    @ini_set( 'upload_max_size', '64M' );
    @ini_set( 'post_max_size', '64M');
    @ini_set( 'max_execution_time', '300' );

WordPress-deployment文件如下

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: wordpress
  name: wordpress-deployment
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: wordpress
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
      labels:
        app: wordpress
    spec:
      containers:
      - env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: mysql
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: i4t
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: i4t
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: MTZmYTU0Nz
        image: wordpress:6.2-apache
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: wordpress
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: wordpress
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/www/html
          name: wordpress-persistent-storage
        - mountPath: /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/uploads.ini
          name: wordpress-configmap
          subPath: uploads.ini
      volumes:
      - name: wordpress-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: wp-pvc
      - configMap:
          defaultMode: 420
          name: wordpress-configmap
        name: wordpress-configmap

请自行修改数据库的DB配置文件，根据需求修改

#相关变量，自行修改
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: mysql
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: i4t
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: i4t
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: MTZmYTU0Nz

svc 文件如下

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat wordpress-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wordpress-svc
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  selector:
    app: wordpress
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 31307
  type: NodePort

接下来我们检查所有的服务启动状态

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# kubectl get pod,svc -n wordpress
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/mysql-7fddbb85bb-xzcmf                  1/1     Running   0          46m
pod/wordpress-deployment-5665566b9b-cm82w   1/1     Running   0          4m42s
NAME                    TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
service/mysql           NodePort   10.102.12.169   <none>        3306:31306/TCP   19m
service/wordpress-svc   NodePort   10.98.207.64    <none>        80:31307/TCP     68s
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]#
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]#
[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# curl 10.98.207.64 -I
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Wed, 09 Aug 2023 08:00:13 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.56 (Debian)
X-Powered-By: PHP/8.0.29
Expires: Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT
Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0
X-Redirect-By: WordPress
Location: http://10.98.207.64/wp-admin/install.php
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

使用nodeport访问测试

我这里直接访问nodeport ip:端口测试

启动Centos容器

因为默认的WordPress容器没有vim,我们的站点目录都是挂载进去的。如果后期修改php文件比较麻烦，所以我们安装一个Centos client挂载wp-pvc，后续可以直接在Centos容器修改

[root@k8s-01 wordpress]# cat centos.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: centos
  name: centos-client
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: centos
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: centos
    spec:
      containers:
        - args:
            - while true; do sleep 30; done;
          command:
            - /bin/bash
            - '-c'
            - '--'
          image: centos:centos7.9.2009
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: centos
          securityContext:
            privileged: true
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /data
            name: wordpress-persistent-storage
      volumes:
      - name: wordpress-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: wp-pvc

迁移Mysql

我们从原来的服务器备份好Mysql数据，然后到新的服务器中导入进去

导入前可以drop database [业务库],把之前WordPress数据删除掉

#k8s节点安装mysql命令
[root@k8s-01 tmp]# yum install -y mysql
#找到sql文件
[root@k8s-01 tmp]# ls
i4t_20230809_163531.sql  systemd-private-ecb644fe53cf473385f7a9ba14bea147-chronyd.service-ylF0Of  test.sh  vmware-root_733-4248680474
#查看mysql svc ip
[root@k8s-01 tmp]# kubectl get svc -n wordpress
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
mysql           NodePort   10.102.12.169   <none>        3306:31306/TCP   129m
wordpress-svc   NodePort   10.98.207.64    <none>        80:31307/TCP     111m
#登陆到mysql中
[root@k8s-01 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p -h 10.102.12.169 -P3306
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1044
Server version: 8.0.34 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> use i4t;
Database changed
MySQL [i4t]> show  tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
#写入数据
MySQL [i4t]> source /tmp/i4t_20230809_163531.sql;

写入完毕后

MySQL [i4t]> show tables;
            ...
| abc1_watu_master             |
| abc1_watu_question           |
| abc1_watu_takings            |
| abc1_wpmailsmtp_debug_events |
| abc1_wpmailsmtp_tasks_meta   |
| abc1_yarpp_related_cache     |
| abc1_zrz_card                |
| abc1_zrz_directmessage       |
| abc1_zrz_invitation          |
| abc1_zrz_message             |
| abc1_zrz_order               |
+-----------------------------+
49 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改域名，需要及时修改域名，否则系统会跳转为正式环境

旧域名https://i4t.com
新域名http://i4t.cn

UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = replace(option_value, 'https://i4t.com', 'http://i4t.cn') WHERE option_name = 'home' OR option_name = 'siteurl';
UPDATE wp_posts SET guid = replace(guid, 'https://i4t.com','http:// .newurl');
UPDATE wp_posts SET post_content = replace(post_content, 'https://i4t.com', 'http://i4t.cn');
UPDATE wp_postmeta SET meta_value = replace(meta_value,'https://i4t.com','http://i4t.cn');
UPDATE wp_usermeta SET meta_value = replace(meta_value, 'https://i4t.com', 'http://i4t.cn');
UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_content = REPLACE (comment_content, 'https://i4t.com', 'http://i4t.cn');
UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_author_url = REPLACE (comment_author_url, 'https://i4t.com','http://i4t.cn');

迁移主题及静态文件

主题静态文件、插件、附件实际上都在我们wp-content目录下，直接将这个目录打包，然后替换到容器上就可以了。

#拷贝名称为web_i4t.com_20230809_013207.tar.gz 附件
kubectl cp web_i4t.com_20230809_013207.tar.gz -n wordpress centos-client-75f686d587-lv2b2:/data/
kubectl exec -it -n wordpress centos-client-75f686d587-lv2b2 bash