如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上将 MySQL 数据目录更改为另一个位置

数据运维 2023-09-01 法医 手机阅读

如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上将 MySQL 数据目录更改为另一个位置

在本文中，我们将学习如何更改MySQL数据目录或将MySQL数据库数据重新定位到新位置，这种情况可能会在数据库增长非常快时使用，或者出于某些安全原因我们想要移动将数据目录复制到新位置。

先决条件

  • 一台 Ubuntu 计算机，且非 root 用户具有 Sudo 权限。
  • MySQL已安装并正在运行。
  • 我们想要将数据库数据位置移动到的新卷或位置，新位置将是/mnt/data_vol/MySQL，因为data_vol是连接到计算机的新卷

更改 MySQL 数据文件夹位置

在继续之前，我们首先找到数据目录的当前位置

$ mysql –u root –p Output: Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 472 Server version: 5.6.30-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>登录后复制

Mysql> select @@datadir; Output: +-----------------+ | @@datadir | +-----------------+ | /var/lib/mysql/ | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)登录后复制

$ sudo systemctl stop mysql登录后复制

$ sudo systemctl status mysql Output: mysql.service - MySQL Community Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2016-09-12 13:57:43 IST; 1s ago Process: 17669 ExecStartPost=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start post (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 17668 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 17664 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 17668 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Sep 12 13:55:14 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... Sep 12 13:55:15 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server. Sep 12 13:57:40 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Community Server... Sep 12 13:57:43 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.登录后复制

下面是将数据移动到新位置的完整命令–

$ rsync –av /var/lib/mysql /mnt/data_vol/ OutPut: sending incremental file list mysql/ mysql/auto.cnf mysql/debian-5.7.flag mysql/ib_buffer_pool mysql/ib_logfile0 mysql/ib_logfile1 mysql/ibdata1 mysql/mysql/ mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYD mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYI mysql/mysql/columns_priv.frm mysql/mysql/db.MYD mysql/mysql/db.MYI mysql/mysql/db.frm mysql/mysql/db.opt …. mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary.frmmysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_file_io.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_file_io_type.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_stages.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_type.frm mysql/sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024waits_by_host_by_latency.frm mysqlsys//x@0024waits_by_user_by_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm sent 199,384,083 bytes received 6,858 bytes 132,927,294.00 bytes/sec total size is 199,307,568 speedup is 1.00登录后复制

下面是更改当前数据目录的命令 –

$ sudo mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_backup登录后复制

编辑mysqld.cnf，命令如下

$ sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf Output: [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] 1. 1. * Basic Settings 1. user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /mnt/data_vol/mysql/ tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking登录后复制