MySQL 查询 并集、交集、差集方式

目录 MySQL查询交集、并集、差集 背景和使用的数据样本 基本语法 注意事项 总结 MySQL查询交集、并集、差集 背景和使用的数据样本 该章节学些主要涉及到Datawhale SQL 组队学习任务; 本

                        目录MySQL查询交集、并集、差集背景和使用的数据样本基本语法注意事项总结<p></p>

MySQL查询交集、并集、差集

背景和使用的数据样本

该章节学些主要涉及到Datawhale SQL 组队学习任务;

本次使用的数据,由Datawhale 开源提供,具体代码见文章尾部:各位看官可以直接复制到MySQL Workbench 上运行生成数据库和表格。

MySQL WorkBench 如何对数据进行我们常见的集合运算呢?

Union、 INTERSECT(遗憾的是MySQL 8.0 不支持该运算用where /in 实现)、EXCEPT(遗憾的是MySQL 8.0 不支持该运算,但巧妙的用where …Not in 实现),本博客日记主要记录一些注意事项。

那么MySQL如何处理交集和差集呢?

基本语法

Select <列名1>,<列名2>,<列名3>... from <表名> union -- 或者其他 intersect、except、union all等) Select <列名1>,<列名2>,<列名3>... from <表名>

注意事项

1.首先:任何执行Union、 INTERSECT、EXCEPT的语句

都要注意,该关键字前后的Select 语句中选择的列的数量要一致,不一致会提示错误:

select product_id, product_name -- 注意这里是2选择查询两个列 from product union select product_id, product_name -- 这里的列的数量要与前面的列的数量一致 from product2;

正确的代码输出结果如下:

其次,select 语句中列数量不一致时,提示:

Error Code: 1222. The used SELECT statements have a different number of columns 0.000 sec

但是,对于select 中的选择的可以不一定是表格中原来就有的列表,此时能够正常查询数据表,具体如下:

select product_id, product_name from product union select product_id, '1' from product2;

结果如下:

2.Union vs Union All 的区别

Union 操作,自动去重复,即两个或多个数据表中相同的行只吃出现一次;

若想要所有表中的对应的数据都显示的话,则需要用到Union all

3.select sysdate() ; 查询返回系统当前的时间;

select product_name, sale_price, purchase_price from product union select sysdate(), sysdate() , sysdate() from product;

查询结果如下:

**4.MySQL 8.0 不支持交运算INTERSECT、except **

5. 查询差集:

-- 使用 IN 子句的实现方法 SELECT * FROM product WHERE product_id NOT IN (SELECT product_id FROM product2)

结果:

/* v 9.08 SQL脚本的一些要点: 0.存储引擎使用 InnoDB, 字符集改为 utf8mb4 以更好地支持中文. 1.所有表名所使用的英文字母都改为小写(后续章节中,SQL查询中的表名也需要相应修改为小写) 2.所有列名所使用的英文字母确认为小写(后续章节中,SQL查询中的列名也需要相应修改为小写) 3.存在问题的数据, 例如 inventoryproduct 表的inventory_id列应为P开头的, 已修正为正确的数据. 4.需测试SQL脚本在命令行及各个客户端中是否能被正确执行.

  • MySQL Workbench 已测试通过
  • DBeaver 已测试通过(使用"执行SQL脚本(CTR+x)")
  • HeidiSQL 已测试通过
  • navicat 已测试通过
  • sqlyog 已测试通过
  • 命令行 测试未通过. 插入中文数据时提示" Data too long for column 'product_name' at row 1" / CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/shop /!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci / /!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */;

USE shop;

/Table structure for table chars /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS chars;

CREATE TABLE chars ( chr char(3) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (chr) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

/Data for the table chars /

insert into chars(chr) values ('1'),('10'),('11'),('2'),('222'),('3');

/Table structure for table empskills /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS empskills;

CREATE TABLE empskills ( emp varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, skill varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (emp,skill) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table empskills /

insert into empskills(emp,skill) values ('平井','C++'),('平井','Oracle'),('平井','Perl'),('平井','PHP'),('平井','UNIX'),('渡来','Oracle'),('相田','C#'),('相田','Java'),('相田','Oracle'),('相田','UNIX'),('神崎','Java'),('神崎','Oracle'),('神崎','UNIX'),('若田部','Perl');

/Table structure for table inventoryproduct /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS inventoryproduct;

CREATE TABLE inventoryproduct ( inventory_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, inventory_quantity int NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (inventory_id,product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

/Data for the table inventoryproduct /

insert into inventoryproduct(inventory_id,product_id,inventory_quantity) values ('P001','0001',0),('P001','0002',120),('P001','0003',200),('P001','0004',3),('P001','0005',0),('P001','0006',99),('P001','0007',999),('P001','0008',200),('P002','0001',10),('P002','0002',25),('P002','0003',34),('P002','0004',19),('P002','0005',99),('P002','0006',0),('P002','0007',0),('P002','0008',18);

/Table structure for table product /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS product;

CREATE TABLE product ( product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_name varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_type varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, sale_price int DEFAULT NULL, purchase_price int DEFAULT NULL, regist_date date DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

/Data for the table product /

insert into product(product_id,product_name,product_type,sale_price,purchase_price,regist_date) values ('0001','T恤','衣服',1000,500,'2009-09-20'),('0002','打孔器','办公用品',500,320,'2009-09-11'),('0003','运动T恤','衣服',4000,2800,NULL),('0004','菜刀','厨房用具',3000,2800,'2009-09-20'),('0005','高压锅','厨房用具',6800,5000,'2009-01-15'),('0006','叉子','厨房用具',500,NULL,'2009-09-20'),('0007','擦菜板','厨房用具',880,790,'2008-04-28'),('0008','圆珠笔','办公用品',100,NULL,'2009-11-11');

/Table structure for table product2 /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS product2;

CREATE TABLE product2 ( product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_name varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_type varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, sale_price int DEFAULT NULL, purchase_price int DEFAULT NULL, regist_date date DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

/Data for the table product2 /

insert into product2(product_id,product_name,product_type,sale_price,purchase_price,regist_date) values ('0001','T恤','衣服',1000,500,'2009-09-20'),('0002','打孔器','办公用品',500,320,'2009-09-11'),('0003','运动T恤','衣服',4000,2800,NULL),('0009','手套','衣服',800,500,NULL),('0010','水壶','厨房用具',2000,1700,'2009-09-20');

/Table structure for table productcopy /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS productcopy;

CREATE TABLE productcopy ( product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_name varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_type varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, sale_price int DEFAULT NULL, purchase_price int DEFAULT NULL, regist_date date DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table productcopy /

/Table structure for table productins /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS productins;

CREATE TABLE productins ( product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_name varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_type varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, sale_price int DEFAULT '0', purchase_date int DEFAULT NULL, regist_date date DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table productins /

/Table structure for table producttype /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS producttype;

CREATE TABLE producttype ( product_type varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, sum_sale_price int DEFAULT NULL, sum_purchase_price int DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (product_type) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table producttype /

/Table structure for table samplelike /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS samplelike;

CREATE TABLE samplelike ( strcol varchar(6) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (strcol) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table samplelike /

insert into samplelike(strcol) values ('abcdd'),('abcddd'),('abddc'),('abdddc'),('ddabc'),('dddabc');

/Table structure for table samplemath /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS samplemath;

CREATE TABLE samplemath ( m decimal(10,3) DEFAULT NULL, n int DEFAULT NULL, p int DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table samplemath /

insert into samplemath(m,n,p) values ('500.000',0,NULL),('-180.000',0,NULL),(NULL,NULL,NULL),(NULL,7,3),(NULL,5,2),(NULL,4,NULL),('8.000',NULL,3),('2.270',1,NULL),('5.555',2,NULL),(NULL,1,NULL),('8.760',NULL,NULL);

/Table structure for table samplestr /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS samplestr;

CREATE TABLE samplestr ( str1 varchar(40) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, str2 varchar(40) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, str3 varchar(40) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table samplestr /

insert into samplestr(str1,str2,str3) values ('opx','rt',NULL),('abc','def',NULL),('山田','太郎','是我'),('aaa',NULL,NULL),(NULL,'xyz',NULL),('@!#$%',NULL,NULL),('ABC',NULL,NULL),('aBC',NULL,NULL),('abc太郎','abc','ABC'),('abcdefabc','abc','ABC'),('micmic','i','I');

/Table structure for table shopproduct /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS shopproduct;

CREATE TABLE shopproduct ( shop_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, shop_name varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, product_id char(4) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, quantity int NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (shop_id,product_id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

/Data for the table shopproduct /

insert into shopproduct(shop_id,shop_name,product_id,quantity) values ('000A','东京','0001',30),('000A','东京','0002',50),('000A','东京','0003',15),('000B','名古屋','0002',30),('000B','名古屋','0003',120),('000B','名古屋','0004',20),('000B','名古屋','0006',10),('000B','名古屋','0007',40),('000C','大阪','0003',20),('000C','大阪','0004',50),('000C','大阪','0006',90),('000C','大阪','0007',70),('000D','福冈','0001',100);

/Table structure for table skills /

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS skills;

CREATE TABLE skills ( skill varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (skill) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

/Data for the table skills /

insert into skills(skill) values ('Java'),('Oracle'),('UNIX');

总结

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持每日运维。