浅谈mysql explain中key_len的计算方法

mysql的explain命令可以分析sql的性能,其中有一项是key_len(索引的长度)的统计。本文将分析mysql explain中key_len的计算方法。 1、创建测试表及数据 CREATE TABLE member ( id int(10) unsigned NO

                        <p>mysql的explain命令可以分析sql的性能,其中有一项是key_len(索引的长度)的统计。本文将分析mysql explain中key_len的计算方法。</p>

1、创建测试表及数据

CREATE TABLE member ( id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, age tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id), KEY name (name) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO member (id, name, age) VALUES (NULL, 'fdipzone', '18'), (NULL, 'jim', '19'), (NULL, 'tom', '19');

2、查看explain

name的字段类型是varchar(20),字符编码是utf8,一个字符占用3个字节,那么key_len应该是 20*3=60。

mysql> explain select * from member where name='fdipzone'; +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 63 | const | 1 | Using index condition | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+

explain的key_len为63,多出了3。

name字段是允许NULL,把name改为NOT NULL再测试

ALTER TABLE member CHANGE name name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL;

mysql> explain select * from member where name='fdipzone'; +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 62 | const | 1 | Using index condition | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+

现在key_len为62,比刚才少了1,但还是多了2。可以确定,字段为NULL会多占用一个字节。

name字段类型为varchar,属于变长字段,把varchar改为char再测试

ALTER TABLE member CHANGE name name CHAR(20) NOT NULL;

mysql> explain select * from member where name='fdipzone'; +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 60 | const | 1 | Using index condition | +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+

改为定长字段后,key_len为60,与预测的一致。

总结:使用变长字段需要额外增加2个字节,使用NULL需要额外增加1个字节,因此对于是索引的字段,最好使用定长和NOT NULL定义,提高性能。

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